YouTube
Type Subsidiary of Google
Founded February 15, 2005
Headquarters San Bruno, California, U.S. Flag of United States
Key people Chad Hurley, Founder & CEO
Steve Chen, Founder & CTO
Jawed Karim, Founder & Advisor
Employees 67 (2006)
Owner Google
Website www.youtube.com
YouTube is a popular video sharing website where users can upload, view, and
share video clips. Videos can be rated, and the average rating and the
number of times a video has been watched are both published. YouTube was
created in mid February 2005 by three former employees of PayPal. The San
Bruno-based service uses Adobe Flash technology to display video. The wide
variety of site content includes movie and TV clips and music videos, as
well as amateur content such as videoblogging and short original videos.
Currently staffed by 67 employees,[1] the company was named TIME magazine's
"Invention of the Year" for 2006.[2] In October 2006, Google Inc. announced
that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for US$1.65 billion in
Google's stock. The deal closed on 13 November 2006.[3]
Unregistered users can watch most videos on the site; registered users have
the ability to upload an unlimited number of videos. Related videos,
determined by the title and tags, appear to the right of the video. In the
site's second year, functions were added which provide the ability to post
video 'responses' and subscribe to content feeds for a particular user or
users.
History
YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, who were
all early employees of PayPal.[4] Prior to PayPal, Hurley studied design at
Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Chen and Karim studied computer science
together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.[5] The domain
name "YouTube.com" was activated on February 15, 2005,[6] and the website
was developed over the following months. The creators offered the public a
preview of the site in May 2005, and six months later YouTube made its
official debut.
Like many technology start-ups, YouTube was started as an angel-funded
enterprise in a small and inexpensive office or garage. In November of 2005,
venture capital firm Sequoia Capital invested an initial $3.5 million;[7]
additionally, Roelof Botha, partner of the firm and former CFO of PayPal,
joined the YouTube board of directors. In April 2006, Sequoia put an
additional $8 million into the company, which had experienced a boom of
popularity and growth in just its first few months.[8]
During the summer of 2006, YouTube was one of the fastest-growing websites
on the World Wide Web,[9] and was ranked as the 5th most popular website on
Alexa, far outpacing even MySpace's growth.[10] According to a July 16, 2006
survey, 100 million clips are viewed daily on YouTube, with an additional
65,000 new videos uploaded per 24 hours. The site has almost 20 million
visitors each month, according to Nielsen/NetRatings,[11] where around 44%
are female, 56% male, and the 12- to 17-year-old age group is dominant.[12]
YouTube's preeminence in the online video market is staggering. According to
the website Hitwise.com, YouTube commands up to 64% of the UK online video
market.[13]
Google purchases YouTube for $1.65 billion
On October 9, 2006, it was announced that the company would be purchased by
Google for US$1.65 billion in stock. The purchase agreement between Google
and YouTube came after YouTube presented three agreements with media
companies in an attempt to escape the threat of copyright-infringement
lawsuits. YouTube will continue to operate independently, and the company's
67 employees and its co-founders will continue working within the
company.[14] The deal to acquire YouTube closed on November 13. It is
Google's second largest purchase of all time.[15]
Political campaigning
Political candidates for the 2008 U.S. Presidential election have been using
YouTube as an outlet for advertising their candidacy. Voters can easily view
candidates' statements and make videos supporting or demoting presidential
candidates of their own, specifically those for Barack Obama, Hillary
Clinton and Ron Paul.[16] [17] The U.S. media has often commented that
YouTube played a significant role in the 2006 defeat of Republican Senator
George Allen due to a video clip of him making allegedly racist remarks that
was replayed continuously by YouTube viewers during his campaign.[18] [19]
[20] [21] [22] Political commentators such as James Kotecki have also begun
to join in the YouTube world of politics. Many of them make videos on
YouTube critiquing the presidential candidate's YouTube videos or simply
using YouTube as a medium to get their opinions heard. Recently, French and
Italian politicians, such as Antonio Di Pietro, have also been using the
site as part of their campaigns.
Media recognition
In its short time on the web, YouTube has grown quickly and received much
attention. Online word-of-mouth has been primarily responsible for YouTube's
growth since its inception, and gave the site its first surge of publicity
when it hosted the popular Saturday Night Live short Lazy Sunday.[23]
However, YouTube's official policy prohibits submission of copyrighted
material, and NBC Universal, owners of SNL, soon decided to take action.
In February 2006, NBC asked for the removal of some of its copyrighted
content from YouTube, including Lazy Sunday and 2006 Olympics clips.[7][24]
The following month, in an attempt to strengthen its policy against
copyright infringement, YouTube set a 10-minute maximum limit on video
length (except for content submitted via its Director Program[verification
needed], which specifically hosts original material by amateur filmmakers).
However, the real cutoff is 10:58.This restriction is
often circumvented by uploaders, who instead split their original video into
smaller segments, each shorter than the 10-minute limit.
Though YouTube had done its part to comply with NBC's demands, the incident
made the news, giving YouTube its most prominent publicity yet. As the site
continued to grow, NBC began to realize the possibilities, and in June 2006
made an unusual move. The network had reconsidered its actions and was
announcing a strategic partnership with YouTube. Under the terms of the
partnership, an official NBC channel was set up on YouTube, showcasing
promotional clips for the series The Office. YouTube will also promote NBC's
videos throughout its site.[25]
CBS, which had previously also asked YouTube to remove several of its clips,
followed suit in July 2006. In a statement indicative of how the traditional
media industry's perception of YouTube (and similar sites) has changed, Sean
McManus, president of CBS News and Sports noted:
“ Our inclination now is, the more exposure we get from clips like that, the
better it is for CBS News and the CBS television network, so in retrospect
we probably should have embraced the exposure, and embraced the attention it
was bringing CBS, instead of being parochial and saying ‘let’s pull it
down.’[26] ”
In August of 2006, YouTube announced that, within 18 months, it hopes to
offer every music video ever created, while still remaining free of charge.
Warner Music Group and EMI have confirmed that they are among the companies
in talks to implement this plan.[27] In September Warner Music and YouTube
signed a deal, in which YouTube will be allowed to host every music video
Warner produced while sharing a portion of the advertisement income.
Additionally, user-created videos on YouTube will be allowed to use Warner
songs in their soundtracks.[28]
On October 9, CBS, along with Universal Music Group and Sony BMG Music
Entertainment, also agreed to provide content to YouTube.[29]
On January 29, 2007, the co-founder of YouTube, Chad Hurley, announced that
the on-line video service will pay its active users, who should also be true
copyright owners, a part of the website's revenue gained from advertising.
However, at the World Economic Forum, Mr. Hurley did not mention a concrete
amount of money that YouTube will pay its contributors.[30]
Press coverage
Time Magazine featured a YouTube screen with a foil mirror as its annual
Person of the Year citing user created media such as YouTube, and featuring
its creators and several content creators. The Wall Street Journal and New
York Times have also reviewed content posted on YouTube, and its effects on
recruiting and corporate communications in 2006. PC World Magazine has also
named YouTube as the 9th of the Top 10 Best Products of 2006.[31] In 2007,
both Sports Illustrated and Dime Magazine featured stellar reviews of a
basketball highlight video entitled, The Ultimate Pistol Pete Maravich MIX.
[32]Because of its acquisition by Google, it is sometimes referred to as "GooTube."[33]
Revenue model
Before being bought by Google, YouTube stated that its business model is
advertising-based and was making 15 million dollars per month as such. Some
industry commentators have speculated that YouTube's running costs —
specifically the bandwidth required — may be as high as 5 to 6 million USD
per month,[34] thereby fueling criticisms that the company, like many
Internet start-ups, did not have a viably implemented business model.
Advertisements were launched on the site beginning in March 2006. In April,
YouTube started using Google AdSense. YouTube subsequently stopped using
AdSense but has resumed in local regions.
Europe arrival
On June 19, 2007, Eric E. Schmidt was in Paris to launch the new
localisation system. The whole interface of the web site is now available in
the languages of several countries (Brazil, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom). Google aims to competite
local video sharing web sites like DailyMotion in France. It also made an
agreement with local television stations like M6 and France Télévisions to
broadcast legally the video content. Google also planned to localise in
Germany in the future.
Recent events
Copyright infringement
YouTube policy does not allow content to be uploaded by anyone not permitted
by United States copyright law to do so, and the company frequently removes
uploaded infringing content. Nonetheless, a large amount of it continues to
be uploaded (eg. Television shows, commercials, music videos, music
concerts, clips from a television show or film, M.U.G.E.N, emulator hacks,
or games re-published onto another system eg. PSP). Generally, unless the
copyright holder reports them, YouTube only discovers these videos via
indications within the YouTube community through self-policing. The primary
way in which YouTube identifies the content of a video is through the search
terms that uploaders associate with clips. Some users have taken to creating
alternative words as search terms to be entered when uploading specific type
of files (similar to the deliberate misspelling of band names on MP3
filesharing networks). For a short time, members could also report one
another. The service offers a flagging feature, intended as a means for
reporting questionable content, including that which might constitute
copyright infringement. However, the feature can be susceptible to abuse;
for a time, some users were flagging other users' original content for
copyright violations, purely out of spite. YouTube proceeded to remove
copyright infringement from the list of offenses flaggable by members.
Hollywood remains divided on YouTube, as "'the marketing guys love YouTube
and the legal guys hate it.'"[35] Further,
While lawyers are demanding filtering technology, many Hollywood execs
actually enjoy the fact that YouTube only takes down clips when they request
it. "If I found part of a successful show up on YouTube today, I'd probably
pull it down immediately .... If I had a show that wasn't doing so well in
the ratings and could use the promotion, I wouldn't be in a rush to do
that."[35]
Content owners are not just targeting YouTube for copyright infringements on
the site, but they are also targeting third party websites that link to
infringing content on YouTube and other video sharing sites. For example
QuickSilverScreen vs. Fox[36] Daily Episodes vs. Fox[37] and Columbia vs.
Slashfilm.[38] The liability of linking remains a grey area with cases for
and against. The law in the U.S. currently leans towards website owners
being liable for infringing links[39] although they are often protected by
the DMCA providing they take down infringing content when issued with a
takedown notice. However, a recent court ruling in the U.S. found Google not
to be liable for linking to infringing content (Perfect 10 v. Google, Inc.).
Examples of infringement complaints
On October 5, 2006 the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and
Publishers (JASRAC) had their copyright complaints regarding Japanese media
on YouTube finalized. Thousands of media from popular Japanese artists (such
as Tokyo Jihen and various other music including Jpop) were removed.
When CBS and Universal Music Group signed agreements to provide content to
YouTube they announced that they would use new technology that will help
them find copyrighted material and remove it.[29]
TV journalist Robert Tur filed the first lawsuit against the company in
Summer 2006, alleging copyright infringement for hosting a number of famous
news clips without permission. The case has yet to be resolved.[40][41]
On November 9, 2006 Artie Lange said his lawyer were in talks with YouTube,
after finding his entire DVD, It's the Whiskey Talking, available for free
on their site. Lange said he will either demand money from them, or else he
will sue.[42]
Viacom and the British Broadcasting Corporation both demanded YouTube to
take down more than 200,000 videos.[43]
Viacom sues YouTube, owner Google, for more than 1 billion dollars
Viacom announced it was suing YouTube, and its owner Google, for more than
$1 billion in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York. Viacom claims that YouTube has over 160,000 of their videos on
their website without their permission.[44][45]
Use of acoustic fingerprints
On October 12, 2006, YouTube announced that because of recent agreements
with high-profile content creators, they were now required to use
anti-piracy software. The software uses an audio-signature technology that
can spot a low-quality copy of a licensed music video or other content.
YouTube would have to substitute an approved version of the clip or take the
material down automatically. Analysts noted removal of content based on such
a system might negatively impact user satisfaction.[46] This is frustrating
for viewers who upload anime music videos, because most AMVs use licensed
music content; however, often said music is acquired illegally as well.[46]
On April 16, 2007, Google's CEO Eric E. Schmidt presented a keynote speech
at the NAB Convention in Las Vegas. During the Q&A, Schmidt announced that
YouTube was close to enacting a content filtering system to remove
infringing content from the service. The new system, called "Claim Your
Content," will automatically identify copyrighted material so that it can be
removed. [47]
Ricardo Reyes, a spokesperson for Google, stated that they are "trying to
see if there is a way to make video identification technology a reality"
when they begin to test the system in a few days.[48][49]
Violence
New Zealand school children put fight videos on YouTube
On June 1, 2006, the evening ITV News bulletin reported that YouTube and
sites like it were encouraging violence and bullying amongst teenagers, who
were filming fights on their mobile phones (see happy slapping), and then
uploading them to YouTube. While the site provides a function for reporting
excessively violent videos, the news report stated that communication with
the company was difficult.[50]
White House National Drug Control involvement
In September 2006, the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) began
running anti-drug messages through the YouTube System.[51] In response, many
YouTube users began uploading rebuttals and rating the public service
announcements down. Since mid-September, the ONDCP has removed the ability
to rate or comment on any of their messages as a result.
New York Times reports anti-U.S. attack videos
On October 5, 2006, The New York Times reported on the proliferation of what
they considered to be anti-U.S. Iraqi insurgent attack videos on YouTube.[52]
Banning
Iran
On December 3, 2006, Iran blocked YouTube and several other sites in an
attempt to impede "corrupting" foreign films and music.[53]
Turkey
Turkey blocked YouTube on March 6, 2007 for letting videos insulting Turks
and Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, to be shown, in an escalation of
what some call a "virtual war" between Greeks, Armenians, Kurds and Turks on
YouTube, with people from each side posting videos to belittle and berate
the other.[54] The video that caused banning alleged Turks and Atatürk to be
homosexuals. The video was first mentioned on CNN Türk and the Istanbul
public prosecutor sued YouTube for insulting Turkishness.[55] The court
suspended access to YouTube pending removal of the video. The ban was
strongly criticized as censorship in the press and by the general public.
YouTube lawyers sent documentary of removal to public prosecutor and access
was restored on March 9, 2007.[56]
Thailand
During the week of March 8, YouTube was blocked in Thailand.[57] Many
bloggers believed the reason YouTube was blocked was because of a video of
the former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra's speech on CNN. However, the
government did not confirm or give reasons for the ban. YouTube was
accessible from March 10.
On the night of April 3, YouTube was again blocked in Thailand.[58] The
government cited a video on the site that it called "insulting" to King
Bhumibol Adulyadej.[59]. However, the Ministry of Information and
Communication Technology claimed that it would unblock YouTube in a few
days, after websites containing references to this video are blocked instead
of the entire website.[60] Communications Minister Sitthichai Pookaiyaudom
said, "When they decide to withdraw the clip, we will withdraw the ban."[61]
Shortly after this incident the internet technology blog Mashable was banned
from Thailand over the reporting of the YouTube clips in question. [62]
Brazilian model lawsuit and subsequent banning
YouTube is being sued by Brazilian model and MTV VJ Daniela Cicarelli
(better known as Ronaldo's ex-fiancée) on the grounds that the site is
making available a video footage made by a paparazzo, in which she and her
boyfriend are having sex on a Spanish beach. The lawsuit requires that
YouTube be blocked in Brazil until all copies of the video are removed. On
Saturday, January 6, 2007, a legal injunction ordered that filters be put in
place to prevent users in Brazil from accessing the website.[63][64]
The effectiveness of the measure has been questioned, since the video is not
available only on YouTube, but rather has become an Internet phenomenon. On
Tuesday, January 9, 2007, the same court overturned their previous decision,
ordering the filters removed, although the footage itself remained
forbidden, but without technical support for its blockage.[65] After the
banning of YouTube in Brazil there has been a website called brtube.com as
an unofficial replacement for YouTube in Brazil.
Morocco
On May 25, 2007 the state-owned Maroc Telecom blocked all access to YouTube.[66]
There were no reasons given why Youtube was blocked. But the speculations
are that it might have something to do with some pro-separatist group
Polisario clips (Polisario being the Western Sahara independence movement)
or because of some videos that criticized King Mohammed VI. This blockade
did not concern the other two private internet-providers, Wana and Meditel.
YouTube became accessible again on May 30th, 2007 after Maroc Telecom
unofficially announced that the denied access to the website was only a
"technical glitch".[67]
Terms of service
According the site's terms of service[68], users may upload videos only if
they have the permission of the copyright holder and of the depicted
persons. Pornography, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and
material that encourages criminal conduct may not be uploaded. The uploader
grants YouTube a license to distribute and modify the uploaded material for
any purpose; this license terminates when the uploader deletes the material
from the site. Users may view videos on the site and also download videos as
long as users agree to the terms of service which says "If you download or
print a copy of the Content for personal use, you must retain all copyright
and other proprietary notices contained therein".
Domain name problem
YouTube's immense success has unintentionally affected the business for an
American company, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corp., whose website,
http://www.utube.com, has frequently been shut down by extremely high
numbers of visitors unsure about the spelling of YouTube's domain name.[69]
At the beginning of November 2006, Universal Tube filed suit in federal
court against YouTube[70], requesting that the youtube.com domain be
transferred to them.[71] This was widely viewed as frivolous
litigation.
Technical notes
Video format
YouTube's video playback technology is based on Macromedia's Flash Player 7
and uses the Sorenson Spark H.263 video codec. This technology allows
YouTube to display videos with quality comparable to more established video
playback technologies (such as Windows Media Player, Realplayer or Apple's
Quicktime Player) that generally require the user to download and install a
web browser plugin in order to watch video. Flash itself requires a plug-in,
but the Flash 7 plug-in is generally considered to be present on
approximately 90% of Internet-connected computers.[72] It has pixel
dimensions of 320 by 240 and a uses 25 frames per second. The maximum data
rate is 300kbps.
YouTube converts videos into .FLV (Adobe Flash Video) format after
uploading.[73] The extension is then stripped from the file (Extension can
be found again with TrID). The different files are stored in obscurely named
subdomains, to make ripping the videos difficult.
YouTube officially accepts uploaded videos in .wmv, .avi, .MOV, mpeg and
.mp4, formats[74]
Video can be seen in windowed mode or full screen mode and it is possible to
switch the mode during the visualisation of the video without reloading it.
Audio format
Youtube files contain an mp3 audio stream. It is a mono encoding with a
65kbps rate at 22050 Hz.
Content accessibility
On YouTube
Users may submit videos in several common file formats (such as .mpeg and .avi).
YouTube automatically converts them to the H.263 variant of Flash Video
(with extension .flv) and makes them available for online viewing. Flash
Video is a popular video format among large hosting sites due to its wide
compatibility. Beginning in June 2007, newly uploaded videos will
additionally be encoded using the H.264 video standard to enable streaming
of YouTube videos on the Apple TV (styled Apple tv) as well as the iPhone.
On Apple TV
Apple Inc. announced on June 20, 2007 that YouTube is accessible on the
Apple TV after installation of a free software update. Functionality
includes browsing by category, searching videos, and the ability for members
to log into their YouTube accounts directly on Apple TV. Access to thousands
of the most current and popular YouTube videos will be available, with plans
to add thousands more videos each week. The entire catalog is targeted to be
available this Fall. According to Apple VP David Moody, the reason for this
delay is that all current YouTube content will need to be transcoded to
Apple's preferred video standard, H.264. All content uploaded in June,
however, will be automatically encoded into H.264, so additional transcoding
will not be necessary for any of these newer files.
On Mobile
YouTube launched its mobile site [1]YouTubeMobile on June 15th. It is based
on xHTML and uses 3GP videos with H263/AMR codec and RTSP streaming.
On iPhone
Apple announced Wednesday, June 20th that YouTube will be available on
iPhone at launch. Streaming is over WiFi or EDGE.
Elsewhere Outside YouTube
Each video is accompanied by the full HTML markup for linking to it and/or
embedding it within another page; a small addition to the markup for the
latter will make the video autoplay when the page is accessed. These simple
cut-and-paste options are popular particularly with users of
social/networking sites. Poor experiences have, however, been cited by
members of such sites,[75] where autoplaying embedded YouTube videos has
been reported to slow down page loading time or even to cause browsers to
crash.
Wii Internet Channel
Through the Internet Channel, available via the Wii Shop Channel, YouTube
videos can be played fullscreen or in the window.
On the Original Xbox
A modified Xbox with Xbox Media Center installed and network access to the
Internet offers the possibility to browse, search and stream YouTube content
with the use of its Python Scripts Engine.
YouTube Remixer
On June the 18th 2007 YouTube launched its own online video editing tool
called YouTube Remixer. The tool allows users to edit their YouTube videos
online.
The tool is located Here and a guide on how to use the Remixer tool can be
found Here
Awards
YouTube has recently announced its first YouTube Video Awards for the year
2006. Categories include "'most adorable' video ever" and "most creative."
Nominees include Peter Oakley (geriatric1927), LonelyGirl15, thewinekone,
Renetto and Chad Vader. [76][77]
Note that in order to be nominated, users must have to create their own
original videos.
2006 Awards[78]:
* Most Creative - Here It Goes Again OK Go
* Best Comedy - Smosh Short 2: Stranded Smosh
* Best Commentary - Hotness Prevails thewinekone
* Best Series - Ask A Ninja digtalfilmmaker
* Best Music Video - Say It's Possible Terra Naomi
* Most Inspirational - Free Hugs Campaign PeaceOnEarth123
* Most Adorable - Kiwi Madyeti47
Social impact
Internet celebrities and breaking boundaries
YouTube's popularity has led to the creation of many YouTube Internet
celebrities, popular individuals who have attracted significant publicity in
their home countries from their videos and in some cases has brought
worldwide attention.[79] The most subscribed YouTube member, as of June 2,
2007, is Smosh.[80] For some users, Internet fame has led to unexpected
results and sometimes a crossover into traditional media or entertainment
avenues. Former receptionist Brooke Brodack (Brookers) from Connecticut has
been signed by NBC's Carson Daly for an 18-month development contract in
June 2006; she was among the first to make a connection with mainstream
media through YouTube.[81][82] Another has been the uncovered fictional blog
of lonelygirl15, now known to be the work of New Zealand actress Jessica
Rose and some film directors. In 2007, a Dutch vocalist and songwriter named
Esmée Denters (esmeedenters) was signed to a recording contract by Billy
Mann based on her YouTube appearances.[83][84] On January 31, 2007, Fox
announced that Lisa Donovan (LisaNova) would appear as a cast member during
the 12th season of its sketch comedy show MADtv.[85] Terra Naomi (terranaomi)
has been signed with Island Records, a division of the Universal Music
Group, one of the Big Four record labels. Brandon Hardesty (ArtieTSMITW),
known for a popular reenactment series among his work, is currently in a
GEICO television commercial[86] running nationally in the U.S. and it
consists mostly of a segment taken from his Strange Faces and Noises I Can
Make III video.[87] Ysabella Brave (ysabellabrave and ysabellabravetalk)
announced in two videos on June 3, 2007, in connection with a Los Angeles
Times feature article[88] about her on the same day, that she has been
signed by Cordless Recordings, a division of the Warner Music Group, also
one of the four major records labels.
Fame beyond YouTube
A number of figures have grown to prominence and become Internet phenomena
on the basis of their appearance in YouTube videos. Sometimes referred to as
"YouTube celebrities",[89][90][91] these include:
* Yousef Abu-Taleb from lonelygirl15
* Luke Barats and Joe Bereta of Barats and Bereta
* Ysabella Brave
* Brooke Brodack, a.k.a. Brookers
* Jackson Davis from lonelygirl15
* Esmée Denters, a.k.a. esmeedenters
* Lisa Donovan, a.k.a. LisaNova
* Emmalina
* Lasse Gjertsen, a.k.a. Lassegg
* Ben Going, a.k.a. boh3m3
* Randy Hayes, a.k.a. Naztradamix, and Xavier Nazario of My Way
Entertainment; creators of The Juggernaut Bitch!!
* Ian Hecox and Anthony Padilla of smosh
* Caitlin Hill, a.k.a. TheHill88
* Tony Huynh, a.k.a. thewinekone and thewinektwo
* Luke Johnson, of the Luke Johnson Phone Experiment
* Noah Kalina
* Jeong-Hyun Lim, a.k.a. Funtwo
* Andy McKee
* MadV
* Juan Mann of the Free Hugs Campaign
* Rhett McLaughlin and Link Neal of Rhett and Link
* Erik Mongrain
* Terra Naomi, a.k.a. terranaomi
* Sam Norman, a.k.a. Samwell, creator and performer of "What What (In the
Butt)"
* Peter Oakley, a.k.a. geriatric1927
* Olde English
* Melody Oliveria, a.k.a. bowiechick
* Paul Robinett, a.k.a. renetto
* Jessica Rose from lonelygirl15
* Stevie Ryan, a.k.a. littleloca, TheRealParis, Ooolalaa, and stevieryan
* William Sledd
* Matt Sloan from Chad Vader
* Richard Stern, a.k.a. rickyste, a.k.a. "Lazydork"
* Liam Kyle Sullivan, a.k.a. liamkylesullivan, a.k.a. "Kelly" (The Shoes
Song)
* Chan Yuet Tung, a.k.a. the Bus Uncle
* Wei Wei and Huang Yi Xin of the Back Dormitory Boys
Band and music promotion
YouTube has also become a means of promoting bands and their music. One such
example is OK Go which got a huge radio hit and an MTV Video Music Awards
performance out of the treadmill video for Here It Goes Again.[92][93] In
the same light, a video broadcasting the Free Hugs Campaign with
accompanying music by the Sick Puppies led to instant fame for both the band
and the campaign, with more campaigns taking place in different parts of the
world. The main character of the video, Juan Mann has also achieved fame,
being interviewed on Australian news programs, even appearing on The Oprah
Winfrey Show.[94]
Sharing revenue with popular users
In May 2007, YouTube invited some of its most viewed users to become "YouTube
Partners." This exclusive status, previously only offered to commercial
content providers, allows users to earn revenue from advertisements placed
next to videos.[95] Participants include Ben Going (boh3m3), Caitlin Hill
(TheHill88), Paul Robinett (renetto), Lisa Donovan (LisaNova), Jessica Rose
(lonelygirl15), Kevin Nalty (Nalts) Tony Huynh (thewinekone), Richard Stern
(rickyste), and Yousef Abu-Taleb (Danielbeast), among the 100 partners.[96]
YouTube gatherings
YouTubers periodically hold public gatherings to celebrate the video sharing
community. One of the earliest of such gatherings, the recurrent and
international As One, was first held in January 2007 in Hollywood,
California. The second As One, held on February 17, 2007 at Pier 39 in San
Francisco, California, managed to attract many of YouTube's highest viewed
individuals.[97] Notable attendees included: Caitlin Hill; Ben Going; smosh;
Paul Robinett; and Yousef Abu-Taleb, the actor who plays DanielBeast in the
YouTube serial lonelygirl15. A third is scheduled for November 2007 in
Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.[98]
Honors
Youtube also awards videos with honors, the most popular is "top rated and
"most viewed" which consists of today, this week, this month and all time,
honors include:
* Most Viewed
* Top Rated
* Most Discussed
* Top Favorites
* Most Linked
* Recently Featured
* Most Responded
Influence on other sites
With the success YouTube, many subsequent video websites trying to emulate
the YouTube model have been created, some even having the familiar "tube" at
the ending or within the name. Also, hundreds of websites have been created
that filter and display content from YouTube in an effort to reap
advertising revenue from embedding assorted YouTube hosted videos, but
without having to actually host the massive content; to prevent such
activity, Channel owners have an option to not permit embedding.
References
1. ^ YouTube Hires Its First CFO: Yahoo's Treasurer (September 2, 2006).
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2. ^ TIME Best Inventions 2006 (November 7, 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-07.
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Search Dictionary: a dictionary of the most common search terms and keywords used on the internet.